5.7×28 Ammo vs. 9mm: A Detailed Ballistic Comparison

The debate between the 5.7x28mm cartridge and the 9mm Luger has been ongoing for years, fueled by discussions about ballistic performance, effective range, and overall suitability for various applications. Both cartridges have their own distinct advantages and disadvantages, making the choice between them dependent on the shooter’s specific needs and preferences. This article will delve into a detailed comparison of 5.7×28 ammo and 9mm ammo, examining their ballistics, recoil, platform availability, and overall effectiveness.

A Brief History

The 9mm cartridge, also known as 9x19mm Parabellum, has been a staple in military, law enforcement, and civilian applications since its development in 1901 by Georg Luger. Its widespread adoption is due to its manageable recoil, effective stopping power, and relatively low cost. It remains one of the most popular handgun cartridges in the world.

The 5.7×28 ammo, on the other hand, is a much newer cartridge, developed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was designed for use in the FN P90 personal defense weapon (PDW) and the FN Five-seveN pistol. The 5.7×28 ammo was intended to offer improved armor penetration and a flatter trajectory compared to traditional handgun cartridges like the 9mm.

Ballistic Performance: Velocity and Energy

One of the most significant differences between the 5.7×28 ammo and the 9mm ammo lies in their ballistic performance. The 5.7×28 ammo is known for its high velocity, typically achieving muzzle velocities of around 2,000 to 2,500 feet per second (fps) depending on the specific load and barrel length. This high velocity contributes to a flatter trajectory, making it easier to engage targets at longer distances. The 9mm typically has muzzle velocities ranging from 1,100 to 1,400 fps.

In terms of muzzle energy, the 9mm generally delivers more energy on target than the 5.7×28 ammo, especially with heavier bullet weights. A typical 115-grain 9mm round can produce around 350-400 foot-pounds of energy, while a 40-grain 5.7×28 ammo round produces around 250-300 foot-pounds. However, the higher velocity of the 5.7×28 ammo can contribute to greater penetration, especially against soft body armor.

Recoil Comparison

Recoil is a crucial factor to consider, especially for new shooters or those sensitive to recoil. The 5.7×28 ammo generally produces less recoil than the 9mm. This is due to its lighter bullet weight and smaller cartridge size. The reduced recoil makes the 5.7×28 ammo easier to control, allowing for faster follow-up shots and improved accuracy, especially in rapid-fire scenarios. The 9mm, with its heavier bullet and greater energy, produces more noticeable recoil.

Armor Penetration Capabilities

The 5.7×28 ammo was specifically designed with armor penetration in mind. Its high velocity and small bullet diameter allow it to penetrate soft body armor more effectively than the 9mm in some cases. While modern 9mm ammunition has made strides in armor penetration, the 5.7×28 ammo still holds an advantage in this area, particularly when using specialized armor-piercing rounds. This is a critical consideration for law enforcement and military applications.

Effective Range and Accuracy

The flatter trajectory of the 5.7×28 ammo gives it an advantage in terms of effective range and accuracy. Shooters can engage targets at longer distances with greater precision, as the bullet drop is less pronounced compared to the 9mm. The 9mm, while still accurate at typical handgun ranges (up to 50 yards), suffers from more significant bullet drop at longer distances, requiring more holdover to compensate. [See also: Long Range Shooting Tips]

Platform Availability and Firearm Options

The 9mm enjoys a significant advantage in terms of platform availability. There are countless handguns, carbines, and even some rifles chambered in 9mm, offering a wide range of options for shooters. The 9mm is a very common round, and most manufacturers offer at least one firearm chambered in the caliber.

The 5.7×28 ammo, on the other hand, has a more limited selection of firearms available. The most well-known platforms are the FN Five-seveN pistol and the FN P90 PDW. However, some other manufacturers have started producing firearms chambered in 5.7×28 ammo, expanding the options for consumers. Still, the 9mm has a distinct advantage in this category due to its long history and widespread adoption.

Cost and Availability of Ammunition

The 9mm is generally less expensive and more readily available than the 5.7×28 ammo. The widespread popularity of the 9mm has resulted in mass production, driving down costs and ensuring that ammunition is readily available at most gun stores and online retailers. The 5.7×28 ammo, being a less common cartridge, is typically more expensive and may be harder to find, especially during periods of high demand.

Stopping Power and Terminal Ballistics

The debate over stopping power is complex and often subjective. The 9mm has a long history of documented real-world performance, and modern 9mm hollow-point ammunition is designed to expand upon impact, creating a larger wound cavity and delivering significant energy to the target. The 5.7×28 ammo, with its smaller bullet diameter, relies more on velocity and penetration to achieve its effects. Some argue that the 5.7×28 ammo lacks the necessary stopping power for immediate incapacitation, while others maintain that its high velocity and penetration can be equally effective. [See also: Understanding Handgun Stopping Power]

Applications and Use Cases

The 9mm is a versatile cartridge suitable for a wide range of applications, including self-defense, law enforcement, military, and sport shooting. Its manageable recoil, effective stopping power, and widespread availability make it a popular choice for both novice and experienced shooters. The 9mm is easily found and relatively inexpensive, making it an ideal choice for high-volume shooting.

The 5.7×28 ammo is often favored for its armor penetration capabilities, flatter trajectory, and reduced recoil. It is commonly used in law enforcement and military applications where engaging armored targets is a concern. Its reduced recoil also makes it a good option for shooters who are sensitive to recoil or who need to make rapid follow-up shots. The 5.7×28 ammo is also a good choice for varmint hunting where a flatter trajectory is beneficial. The use of 5.7×28 ammo for self-defense is also becoming more common.

Pros and Cons: 5.7×28 Ammo

• Pros:
• High velocity and flat trajectory
• Excellent armor penetration
• Low recoil
• Good accuracy at longer ranges

• Cons:
• Higher cost of ammunition
• Limited firearm options
• Potentially less stopping power compared to 9mm
• Lower availability of ammunition

Pros and Cons: 9mm Ammo

• Pros:
• Widespread availability of ammunition
• Lower cost of ammunition
• Numerous firearm options
• Effective stopping power

• Cons:
• More recoil compared to 5.7×28 ammo
• Less effective armor penetration
• More bullet drop at longer ranges

Conclusion

The choice between 5.7×28 ammo and 9mm depends on the individual’s specific needs and priorities. The 5.7×28 ammo offers advantages in terms of velocity, armor penetration, and recoil, making it a good option for certain specialized applications. The 9mm, on the other hand, provides a balance of stopping power, availability, and affordability, making it a versatile choice for a wide range of uses. Consider your intended use, budget, and personal preferences when making your decision. Whether you choose 5.7×28 ammo or 9mm, both are capable rounds with their own strengths and weaknesses. Ultimately, proficiency with your chosen firearm and ammunition is paramount. Remember to practice safe gun handling and always comply with local laws and regulations.